Intro
Hover the photos for more info.
What is
women, girls, and gender Peace agreements
The PA-X Women, Girls, and Gender dataset is a branch of the PA-X Peace Agreement Dataset. It lists all peace agreements between 1990 and June 2020 that contain provisions relating to Women, Girls, gender-based violence, or sexual violence.
Why
women, girls, and gender Peace agreements
matters
Women were often excluded from peace processes in history. Even now there is very limited participation of women in peace agreement processes. It is less likely for women to participate in peace negotiations because they rarely have equal opportunity to participate in political and military affairs and the vast majority of the participants and military elites in peace negotiations are men.
In addition, women are overwhelmingly the primary victims of ongoing wars and armed conflicts and they are exposed to all kinds of physical diseases and violence. If this overall background and current situation are not correctly understood or resolved, women will continue to suffer violence and it would be hard to realize national peace fundamentally (Bell, 2013).
Hence, we should show more people the PA-X WGG database, so that public can know about women’s environment and the essential role of women in peace processes.
The past experiences of women shape their perspectives and expand their scope of vision to see more real problems that need to be solved. Women’s participation makes peace agreements more comprehensive and lasting."
——Gbowee, 2019
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What
you will see
Our team wants to provide a platform for our audiences (YOU!) to understand the contents of the gender aspects of the peace agreement data set more intuitively through different forms of visual presentation.
Please spend some time browse around and have fun!
Visualizing Charts
Data Visualizations to Explore WGG Peace Agreements Worldwide from 1990 through 2020.
1.
WGG: Women, Girl, and Gender
PA: Peace Agreement
Female Peace Agreements
in Space
Hover on the dot to see the information of the country and WGG peace agreement count.
Zoom in by clicking the icon in the pan to see details.
The chart shows the distribution of the total amount of women, girls, and gender perspective Peace agreements involving in different countries on the map.
The darker the dot colour is (smaller size as well), the fewer times it involves, and the lighter, the more times it involves.
We choose the darker color to represent the fewer times it involves, and the lighter color to represent the more times it involves, which is opposite to the normal rule, since the light dots are clearer on our dark-color world map, we want to highlight bigger dots.
It can be seen from the map that most of the dots are distributed in Africa, which means that Africa has the most peace agreements. The African Union Commission mentions in its 2016 report that there had been many long-term armed conflicts and domestic and border wars in Africa since the Cold War ended, that many civilians, especially women and children, became refugees due to armed conflicts, and they were flooded out of their shelters and had health problems due to poor nutrition, and that women suffered heavy casualties in exile and sexual violence, and some of them were ruthlessly used and sacrificed as weapons of the wars.
Because of the long-term violent conflicts in Africa, African stakeholders and organizations have been promoting international attention to addressing issues of women in armed conflicts in Africa (African Union Commission 2016). According to Gbowee (2019), women’s active participation in peace processes can make a significant difference in the effectiveness and longevity of peace agreements. Building sustainable peace entails wider participation in the establishment of solutions (Bell & amp; McNicholl, 2019). That is why Africa involves more in WGG peace agreements than any other region of the world.
Pan
2.
Female Peace Agreements
in Time
Click different labels respectively, the chart will display the bar chart of this label separately.
Below the chart is the time bar, drag the time bar to change the time period, and the chart above will change according to the change of the time bar.
It depicts both the total amount of women, girls, and gender perspective Peace Agreements in the past 30 years and the total amount of all peace agreements over the past 30 years.
It visually gives a general idea of how the total amount of peace agreements, as well as the agreements involving women, girls, and gender perspectives, change over time.
Meanwhile, it shows the proportion of women, girls, and gender perspective peace agreements in the total Peace Agreement.
The chart presents that the references to gender in peace agreements have slowly increased since 1990. From 2000 to 2008, while the total number of peace agreements declined, the total number of gender perspective peace agreements still increased slightly. Bell and O'Rourke (2019) stated that the rate of including references to women in agreements had accelerated and the references to women in various forms were higher than before since the signing of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on October 31, 2000 (According to the official document of Resolution 1325 (2000), Resolution 1325 was about taking measures to protect the human rights of women and girls, to support women’s participation in peace negotiations, and to address their special needs during resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and reconstruction). This might possibly explain the continued increase in references to women since 2000, but they also considered it difficult to verify whether these changes were caused by Resolution 1325 or social progress and development over time (Bell & McNicholl, 2019).
From the chart, we can also see that 2015 marked the peak of the number of references to women in agreements, more than 8 times the number of references in 1990. Visibly, references to women and gender in agreements in all forms have been more prevalent over time, and those were impossible in 1990. As can be seen from the data, however, women have relatively low participation in the making of peace agreements in any form.
3.
Female Peace Agreements
By Regions
These graphs show the percentage of gender aspect in peace agreements by region. Through these graphs, we can force on the specific value holistically and find more correlative relationships.
Africa(excl MENA) has the largest number of peace agreements both in all and gender-related part, at the same time the proportion of there is also the highest. As previously analyzed, this is because of Africa's long history of violent conflicts.
Europe and Eurasia have a lot of peace agreements but just a few related to gender aspects. As a growing evidence and agreement admit the perspective that women’s participation is essential to sustainable peace. Perhaps the active participation of UN-Women in the region was one of the factors that influenced the results.
4.
Female Peace Agreements
Comparing with other vulnerable groups
GCh: Children/Youth
GDis: Disabled persons
GAge: Elderly/Age
GeWom: Women, girls and gender
GeMe: Men and Boys
GCh: Children/Youth
GDis: Disabled persons
GAge: Elderly/Age
GeWom: Women, girls and gender
GeMe: Men and Boys
These 2 charts show the female part of peace agreements compared to other vulnerable groups part of peace agreements.
Among all the vulnerable groups, WGG gained the most attention in peace agreements from 1990 to 2020. This does not mean that women’s rights are more valued, because this may be the result of much more gender related problems showed in peace issues.
Compared to women and children, other vulnerable groups, especially disabled people still need more attention in the peace process.
